https://bugs.winehq.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53835
--- Comment #7 from Brendan Shanks bshanks@codeweavers.com --- In a nutshell, v8 is requiring a PAGE_WRITECOPY page (from the .data section) to flip to PAGE_READWRITE after it's been written to.
Wine doesn't implement this, but there's a staging patchset 'ntdll-WRITECOPY' which does. With those patches (and enabling them with STAGING_WRITECOPY=1), I'm able to run my own compiled build of v8. CEF doesn't launch though, the patchset still seems to have some bugs. Since it works through signals, I fear it would hurt performance even if it was in a state to be upstreamed.
I'm going to try changing the check in upstream V8, we'll see if they accept it.