[Bug 53664] New: Exceptions in std::async not handled properly

[WineHQ Bugzilla]

https://bugs.winehq.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53664

Bug ID: 53664
           Summary: Exceptions in std::async not handled properly
           Product: Wine
           Version: 7.17
          Hardware: x86-64
                OS: Linux
            Status: UNCONFIRMED
          Severity: normal
          Priority: P2
         Component: -unknown
          Assignee: [e-mail]
          Reporter: [e-mail]
      Distribution: ---

Created attachment 73070
  --> https://bugs.winehq.org/attachment.cgi?id=73070
The source code for a minimal example

Found this bug while investigating crashes of NTKDaemon.exe on launch, which is
required in Native Access 2.4.0.

When a C++ exception is thrown inside a callable passed in std::async with
std::launch::async policy, the unhandled exception is rethrown in the main
thread when getting the value of the std::future returned by std::async.

When executing a program compiled in Visual Studio 2022, However, it didn't
work as expected. The program will either execute as if the thread exited
normally at the point of `throw`, or somehow crash without forwarding the
exception to the caller thread of std::async(especially when winegdb is
attached).

I'm not sure if it's related, but it seems like std::current_exception is also
not working as expected.