This object makes me nervous.
To begin with, it looks like ref_weak counts both strong and weak references. Feels to me like ref_total would be a better name.
Second, it looks to me like there's a race condition.
The object starts with a ref_strong of 1 (ref_weak is irrelevant).
Thread 1 enters weak_reference_Resolve() and IUISettings_QueryInterface(). ref_strong is now 2.
Thread 2 releases the strong reference. ref_strong is now 1.
Thread 1 finishes in IUISettings_QueryInterface(). It did nothing because the IID was bad; ref_strong is still 1.
Thread 1 decrements ref_strong. It's now 0, but the InterlockedDecrement return value was discarded, and nobody noticed that that was the last strong reference.
Doesn't matter yet, because the object doesn't own any resources of its own, but could easily start mattering; I think that decrement should be changed to uisettings_Release().
Looks like that weak_reference_Resolve() impl is copied from dlls/geolocation/main.c; that object too makes me nervous, for the same reasons.