Cross-process rendering that read to me as use DMABUF like wayland compositors and applications outside Wayland can. https://blaztinn.gitlab.io/post/dmabuf-texture-sharing/
This would also be following windows 10/11 Hardware Accelerated GPU Scheduling kind of path.
"(i.e., the surface should be available for additional rendering with GDI)." This is something where you do run into trouble when you are using windows 10/11 Hardware accelerated GPU Scheduling as well.
Normally it you don't modify another applications gpu buffer unless you want to risk strange thing happening. Cost of having GPU insert buffer into your own buffer is not high.