Found by running the regression tests.
Huh, where? The GL tests pass for me with master...
The intended solution here (which may not be the best one, I don't know) is that any draw that uses a stateblock should have set these constants. This is done by invalidating stateblock->changed.ffp_ps_constants when the primary stateblock is created [wined3d_stateblock_invalidate_initial_states()], so that those constants are pushed when wined3d_device_apply_stateblock() is called even if no states were ever set by the application.