I'm not completely sure what what going on, and I could only locally reproduce a failure with invalid vk devices when the display driver failed to find a vulkan GUID for the GPUs.
In that case, we are failing on the vulkan path in NtGdiDdDDIOpenAdapterFromLuid, and fallback to some dummy D3DKMT adapter, which vk_device wasn't initialized. Later, when NtGdiDdDDIQueryVideoMemoryInfo was called, the invalid vk_device caused some vulkan assertion.
I changed this to zero-initialize the d3dkmt adapters and added a check for an empty vk_device.