Only 64-bit targets for now. Enabling this on 32-bit x86 requires additional work, as we need to provide exception helpers for modules that don’t link against msvcrt/ucrt. LLVM currently does not support `__try`/`__except` on 32-bit ARM.
While `__try`/`__except` is generally available on the MinGW target with `-fms-extensions`, `-fasync-exceptions` is currently supported only on the MSVC target. For that reason, I did not enable it for the MinGW target.
-- v2: include: Enable compiler exceptions on Clang for 64-bit MSVC targets. configure: Enable -fasync-exceptions when supported.