https://bugs.winehq.org/show_bug.cgi?id=36520
--- Comment #2 from Nek empire@adslgr.com --- I found a workaround. Through trial and error I found that the vgasys.fon font can be used, which is much better looking and totally legible, although not the same as the windows. To make it work just move or delete your windows/Fonts directory and run winetricks corefonts and then find and copy the vgasys.fon file to windows/Fonts.
Now it is much better. But I still could not find exactly which font is uses in the first place (with my reported bug) nor how to fix it so it looks exactly as windows.
I also found out that if I have an empty windows/Fonts then csgo/wine will search for fonts in my /usr/share/fonts/microsoft and if it finds tahoma.ttf it will use that. But with that particular font the console font is even worser.