The problem is that by the time that Wine has been initialized,using setjmp/longjmp will always lead to a crash. The code in pthreads that performs the longjmp will first try to invoke the pthread cleanup routines, and then invoke longjmp. This never happens.
You can't and needn't link with -lpthread. Wine has its own pthread implmentation.
I tried your included code and it works just fine unless you link with -lpthread, then it crashes in the same way as in your attached picture. But then you should never link Wine with -lpthread so that is not really a bug.
Of course Wine pthread implementation it not in any way complete so some function might be missing and some might only be only partially implemented and of course some might be incorrectly implemented.
So please try again without linking with -lpthread.