This is an ordered range sequence used to keep track of free address ranges.
The sequence contains an entry for every free address range, with base pointing to the first free address and end pointing to the next first used address. It is initialized to [0, ~0] for convenience, so that there's always a range before or after a view.
In the worst case scenario, where memory is entirely fragmented, there's going to be one more range than allocated views, but in general there's much less. In any case, because of cache locality, iterating in the contiguous sequence is much faster than traversing the view rbtree.
In theory there can be a performance hit when allocating or deleting a view, as we may have to move the end of the sequence when a range is split or merged. But in practice and given the usually low number of ranges, this is not an issue.
The default and maximum sequence size can hold up to 65536 ranges, which is much more than enough in general, and performance is probably going to be bad before reaching the limit anyway. The code currently asserts when reaching the limit, although we could possibly grow the sequence.
Signed-off-by: Rémi Bernon rbernon@codeweavers.com ---
v2: Move the fragmentation mitigations code after the free ranges are actually used. Before that we have to use the same range alignment as the rbtree based code.
v3: Use the new granularity_mask introduced in Wine 5.8, remove the notes about alignment that have been fixed upstream. Use the unix_funcs pointers for mmap_is_in_reserved_area calls.
v4: On 32bit, check the surrounding views in free_ranges_remove_view to see if a memory range is still in use or not. It's possible to use AT_ROUND_TO_PAGE flag with NtMapViewOfSection to force 4kB alignment and this means we can have multiple views in the same 64kB range. Adjust the related assertion in free_ranges_insert_view as well.
Original notes:
Tracking free ranges over the whole address space can increase the free range count significantly, if pages are getting allocated outside of the reserved areas, because of the mmap/VirtualAlloc alignment adjustments. We don't use the free ranges outside of the reserved areas for now so we just skip these instead.
In We Happy Few, the maximum number of unique free ranges after starting a new game, for a maximum of ~=17k allocated views of which ~=9k are in reserved memory: * Tracking the whole memory: ~=8k ranges * Tracking reserved memory: ~=600 ranges * Tracking reserved memory and align to 64k: ~=400 ranges
By comparison, although it varies from a game to another, in other games the number of allocated views is usually within 500-2k, and the number of ranges roughly follows the number of views. Tracking only reserved areas makes it follow the number of views there instead, but it is the most common case. Aligning free ranges to 64k then reduces the ranges count to ~=50.
In any case performance doesn't seem to differ a lot and every scenario has roughly the same performance gain. Even with the high fragmentation, the cache locality is good enough to mitigate the performance hit and to be better than the tree traversal.
dlls/ntdll/virtual.c | 186 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 183 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/dlls/ntdll/virtual.c b/dlls/ntdll/virtual.c index 3468b6f5be4c..2c7af8f7d770 100644 --- a/dlls/ntdll/virtual.c +++ b/dlls/ntdll/virtual.c @@ -195,6 +195,177 @@ static void *preload_reserve_end; static BOOL use_locks; static BOOL force_exec_prot; /* whether to force PROT_EXEC on all PROT_READ mmaps */
+struct range_entry +{ + void *base; + void *end; +}; + +static struct range_entry *free_ranges; +static struct range_entry *free_ranges_end; + + +/*********************************************************************** + * free_ranges_lower_bound + * + * Returns the first range whose end is not less than addr, or end if there's none. + */ +static struct range_entry *free_ranges_lower_bound( void *addr ) +{ + struct range_entry *begin = free_ranges; + struct range_entry *end = free_ranges_end; + struct range_entry *mid; + + while (begin < end) + { + mid = begin + (end - begin) / 2; + if (mid->end < addr) + begin = mid + 1; + else + end = mid; + } + + return begin; +} + + +/*********************************************************************** + * free_ranges_insert_view + * + * Updates the free_ranges after a new view has been created. + */ +static void free_ranges_insert_view( struct file_view *view ) +{ + void *view_base = ROUND_ADDR( view->base, granularity_mask ); + void *view_end = ROUND_ADDR( (char *)view->base + view->size + granularity_mask, granularity_mask ); + struct range_entry *range = free_ranges_lower_bound( view_base ); + struct range_entry *next = range + 1; + + /* free_ranges initial value is such that the view is either inside range or before another one. */ + assert( range != free_ranges_end ); + assert( range->end > view_base || next != free_ranges_end ); + + /* this happens because virtual_alloc_thread_stack shrinks a view, then creates another one on top, + * or because AT_ROUND_TO_PAGE was used with NtMapViewOfSection to force 4kB aligned mapping. */ + if ((range->end > view_base && range->base >= view_end) || + (range->end == view_base && next->base >= view_end)) + { + /* on Win64, assert that it's correctly aligned so we're not going to be in trouble later */ + assert( (!is_win64 && !is_wow64) || view->base == view_base ); + WARN( "range %p - %p is already mapped\n", view_base, view_end ); + return; + } + + /* this should never happen */ + if (range->base > view_base || range->end < view_end) + ERR( "range %p - %p is already partially mapped\n", view_base, view_end ); + assert( range->base <= view_base && range->end >= view_end ); + + /* need to split the range in two */ + if (range->base < view_base && range->end > view_end) + { + memmove( next + 1, next, (free_ranges_end - next) * sizeof(struct range_entry) ); + free_ranges_end += 1; + if ((char *)free_ranges_end - (char *)free_ranges > view_block_size) + MESSAGE( "Free range sequence is full, trouble ahead!\n" ); + assert( (char *)free_ranges_end - (char *)free_ranges <= view_block_size ); + + next->base = view_end; + next->end = range->end; + range->end = view_base; + } + else + { + /* otherwise we just have to shrink it */ + if (range->base < view_base) + range->end = view_base; + else + range->base = view_end; + + if (range->base < range->end) return; + + /* and possibly remove it if it's now empty */ + memmove( range, next, (free_ranges_end - next) * sizeof(struct range_entry) ); + free_ranges_end -= 1; + assert( free_ranges_end - free_ranges > 0 ); + } +} + + +/*********************************************************************** + * free_ranges_remove_view + * + * Updates the free_ranges after a view has been destroyed. + */ +static void free_ranges_remove_view( struct file_view *view ) +{ + void *view_base = ROUND_ADDR( view->base, granularity_mask ); + void *view_end = ROUND_ADDR( (char *)view->base + view->size + granularity_mask, granularity_mask ); + struct range_entry *range = free_ranges_lower_bound( view_base ); + struct range_entry *next = range + 1; + + /* It's possible to use AT_ROUND_TO_PAGE on 32bit with NtMapViewOfSection to force 4kB alignment, + * and this breaks our assumptions. Look at the views around to check if the range is still in use. */ +#ifndef _WIN64 + struct file_view *prev_view = WINE_RB_ENTRY_VALUE( wine_rb_prev( &view->entry ), struct file_view, entry ); + struct file_view *next_view = WINE_RB_ENTRY_VALUE( wine_rb_next( &view->entry ), struct file_view, entry ); + void *prev_view_base = prev_view ? ROUND_ADDR( prev_view->base, granularity_mask ) : NULL; + void *prev_view_end = prev_view ? ROUND_ADDR( (char *)prev_view->base + prev_view->size + granularity_mask, granularity_mask ) : NULL; + void *next_view_base = next_view ? ROUND_ADDR( next_view->base, granularity_mask ) : NULL; + void *next_view_end = next_view ? ROUND_ADDR( (char *)next_view->base + next_view->size + granularity_mask, granularity_mask ) : NULL; + + if ((prev_view_base < view_end && prev_view_end > view_base) || + (next_view_base < view_end && next_view_end > view_base)) + { + WARN( "range %p - %p is still mapped\n", view_base, view_end ); + return; + } +#endif + + /* free_ranges initial value is such that the view is either inside range or before another one. */ + assert( range != free_ranges_end ); + assert( range->end > view_base || next != free_ranges_end ); + + /* this should never happen, but we can safely ignore it */ + if (range->base <= view_base && range->end >= view_end) + { + WARN( "range %p - %p is already unmapped\n", view_base, view_end ); + return; + } + + /* this should never happen */ + if (range->base < view_end && range->end > view_base) + ERR( "range %p - %p is already partially unmapped\n", view_base, view_end ); + assert( range->end <= view_base || range->base >= view_end ); + + /* merge with next if possible */ + if (range->end == view_base && next->base == view_end) + { + range->end = next->end; + memmove( next, next + 1, (free_ranges_end - next - 1) * sizeof(struct range_entry) ); + free_ranges_end -= 1; + assert( free_ranges_end - free_ranges > 0 ); + } + /* or try growing the range */ + else if (range->end == view_base) + range->end = view_end; + else if (range->base == view_end) + range->base = view_base; + /* otherwise create a new one */ + else + { + memmove( range + 1, range, (free_ranges_end - range) * sizeof(struct range_entry) ); + free_ranges_end += 1; + if ((char *)free_ranges_end - (char *)free_ranges > view_block_size) + MESSAGE( "Free range sequence is full, trouble ahead!\n" ); + assert( (char *)free_ranges_end - (char *)free_ranges <= view_block_size ); + + range->base = view_base; + range->end = view_end; + } +} + + static inline int is_view_valloc( const struct file_view *view ) { return !(view->protect & (SEC_FILE | SEC_RESERVE | SEC_COMMIT)); @@ -833,6 +1004,8 @@ static void delete_view( struct file_view *view ) /* [in] View */ { if (!(view->protect & VPROT_SYSTEM)) unmap_area( view->base, view->size ); set_page_vprot( view->base, view->size, 0 ); + if (unix_funcs->mmap_is_in_reserved_area( view->base, view->size )) + free_ranges_remove_view( view ); wine_rb_remove( &views_tree, &view->entry ); *(struct file_view **)view = next_free_view; next_free_view = view; @@ -880,6 +1053,8 @@ static NTSTATUS create_view( struct file_view **view_ret, void *base, size_t siz set_page_vprot( base, size, vprot );
wine_rb_put( &views_tree, view->base, &view->entry ); + if (unix_funcs->mmap_is_in_reserved_area( view->base, view->size )) + free_ranges_insert_view( view );
*view_ret = view;
@@ -1981,9 +2156,9 @@ void virtual_init(void) /* try to find space in a reserved area for the views and pages protection table */ #ifdef _WIN64 pages_vprot_size = ((size_t)address_space_limit >> page_shift >> pages_vprot_shift) + 1; - alloc_views.size = view_block_size + pages_vprot_size * sizeof(*pages_vprot); + alloc_views.size = 2 * view_block_size + pages_vprot_size * sizeof(*pages_vprot); #else - alloc_views.size = view_block_size + (1U << (32 - page_shift)); + alloc_views.size = 2 * view_block_size + (1U << (32 - page_shift)); #endif if (unix_funcs->mmap_enum_reserved_areas( alloc_virtual_heap, &alloc_views, 1 )) unix_funcs->mmap_remove_reserved_area( alloc_views.base, alloc_views.size ); @@ -1993,9 +2168,14 @@ void virtual_init(void) assert( alloc_views.base != (void *)-1 ); view_block_start = alloc_views.base; view_block_end = view_block_start + view_block_size / sizeof(*view_block_start); - pages_vprot = (void *)((char *)alloc_views.base + view_block_size); + free_ranges = (void *)((char *)alloc_views.base + view_block_size); + pages_vprot = (void *)((char *)alloc_views.base + 2 * view_block_size); wine_rb_init( &views_tree, compare_view );
+ free_ranges[0].base = (void *)0; + free_ranges[0].end = (void *)~0; + free_ranges_end = free_ranges + 1; + /* make the DOS area accessible (except the low 64K) to hide bugs in broken apps like Excel 2003 */ size = (char *)address_space_start - (char *)0x10000; if (size && unix_funcs->mmap_is_in_reserved_area( (void*)0x10000, size ) == 1)