The other issue I run into - and this is probably a Vulkan SDK thing, not MSVC as such - is that the options I have for GLSL.std.450.h are
spirv-headers/GLSL.std.450.h spirv_cross/GLSL.std.450.h
and not spirv/unified1/GLSL.std.450.h or vulkan/GLSL.std.450.h as checked by configure. Has the location changed in newer Vulkan SDK versions, or was this never tested on Windows (with any compiler) to begin with?
I've tried building on Windows using MSYS2, and that generally worked fine, though it was some time ago. The vkd3d README does fairly explicitly mention depending on SPIRV-Headers and Vulkan-Headers, and I don't think it mentions the Vulkan SDK anywhere. We could of course add support for building against the Vulkan SDK if someone were to submit the patches...